Hydroxypropylated β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) is a modified cyclodextrin used as a pharmaceutical excipient to enhance drug solubility and stability and is also known for its ability to encapsulate and remove cholesterol and lipids. It's generally recognised as safe (GRAS) and has shown promise in treating kidney and other diseases in preclinical studies. 

Key Characteristics and Uses:

Solubility Enhancement:

HPβCD improves the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, facilitating their delivery to biological systems. 

Excipient in Pharmaceuticals:

It's a widely used excipient in drug formulations, especially for parenteral (injectable) administration. 

Cholesterol and Lipid Removal:

HPβCD can trap and remove cholesterol and lipids, potentially offering therapeutic benefits in conditions like kidney disease. 

Toxicity:

While generally well-tolerated, especially with oral administration.

Other Applications:

It's also used in the food and cosmetic industries for taste masking, odour control, and as a fragrance carrier. 

Specific Applications and Research:

Kidney Disease:

Preclinical studies have shown HPβCD to be effective in preventing or slowing the progression of kidney disease in mouse models. 

Age-related Macular Degeneration:

HPβCD has been investigated for its potential to reduce retinal cholesterol and treat age-related macular degeneration. 

Atherosclerosis:

It's been suggested that cyclodextrins, including HPβCD, can improve lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, potentially offering protection against atherosclerosis. 

Drug Delivery:

HPβCD is used as a vehicle for delivering drugs to specific tissues, like the retina. 

In summary, hydroxypropylated beta-cyclodextrin is a versatile molecule with applications in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, food science, and cosmetics, due to its ability to enhance solubility, encapsulate molecules, and potentially impact lipid metabolism.